双亲过敏史及血IgE与婴儿过敏性疾病的相关性研究

Correlation study between the allergic diseases in newborns and parental history of allergy and blood IgE

目的通过研究双亲过敏病史及脐血IgE水平与过敏性疾病的关系,探讨婴儿过敏性疾病的高危因素,为早期预防婴儿过敏性疾病提供依据。方法收集2011年3月至2012年2月在禅城区中心医院产检的孕妇共161例,孕期行母血IgE、分娩后行脐带血IgE检测。同时对夫妇双方进行过敏性疾病问卷调查,出生后的婴儿进行为期4个月的随访,观察婴儿有无出现过敏性疾病。结果男方有过敏病史患者中,其妻子脐带血IgE较无过敏病史者高,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);而其妻子血IgE变化差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。仅女方有过敏史患者中,其血IgE及脐带血IgE较无过敏病史者高,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。夫妻双方均过敏史患者中,母血及脐血IgE较无过敏病史者高,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。女方过敏病史患者中,共筛查出过敏新生儿37例(37.8%)。夫妻双方均有过敏史的患者中共有3例(30%)新生儿出现过敏表现。男方过敏病史患者中,共筛查出过敏新生儿16例(43.2%)。结论夫妻双方的过敏体质更易提高胎儿的过敏风险,其中与母亲的关系密切。新生儿过敏的发生时间主要在前2个月,主要以皮肤过敏为主。

Objective To study the relationship between parental history of allergy and umbilical cord blood IgE levels and allergic diseases, and to investigate the risk factors for allergic diseases in newborns, in order to provide basis for the prevention of allergic diseases in newborns early. Methods We had collected 168 pregnant woman from March 2011 to April 2012 in our hospital. The maternal blood IgE was tested during pregnancy, and umbilical cord blood IgE was tested after delivery. The couples were asked to complete questionnaires about allergic diseases, The infants were followed up for 4 months after birth for allergic diseases. Results The umbilical cord blood IgE was higher when the husband had a history of allergic diseases （P〈0.05）, while blood IgE of the mother showed no statistically significant difference （P〉0.05）. The umbilical cord blood IgE and blood IgE of the mother were higher when the mother had a history of allergic diseases （P〈0.05）. The umbilical cord blood IgE and blood IgE of the mother were also higher when either one of the parents had a history of allergic diseases （P〈0.05）. We screened out 37 newborns of allergy with their mother having allergic history, 3 with their parents having allergic history, and 16 with their father having allergic history. Conclusion Parents with history of allergy are more likely to have increased risk of anaphylaxis fetus, and there was a close relationship with her mother. The reaction time of the neonatal allergic is mostly in the two months after birth, mainly skin allergies.