论狄德罗思想对我国盲教育发展的启示

The Enlightenment of Denis Diderot's Thoughts on the Development of Education of the Blind in China

启蒙思想家狄德罗所著的《论盲人书简》为科学地认识盲人的特点提供了认识论基础。狄德罗认识到盲人具有多方面的学习能力:盲人可以借助感觉获取经验,有较强的抽象思维能力,可借助触觉符号来认识事物,可以通过感觉补偿视觉的缺陷等。狄德罗关于盲人学习能力的思想对我国盲教育发展的启示有:克服偏见,树立对盲人的正确认识;注重培养和发挥盲生的各方面优势;重视信息化手段在盲生发展中的作用;注重盲生的特殊心理特征。

Diderot’s work, Letters on the Blind for the Use of Those Who Can See, provides us with the epistemological basis for understanding the characteristics of the blind scientifically. Diderot has realized the blind have various learning abilities such as acquiring experience through senses, having a strong ability of abstract thinking, knowing things through tactile symbols, and compensating the visual disability with the help of senses. The enlightenment of Diderot’s thoughts of the blind’s learning ability to the education for the children with visual disabilities in China is as follows： overcoming prejudice and setting up the correct understanding of the blind, paying attention to cultivating and giving full play to all aspects of advantages of blind students, focusing on the great effect of IT-based means on the blind students’development, and taking special psychological characteristics of blind students seriously.