黑格尔与海德格尔——两种不同形态的同一性思维

Hegelian and Heideggerian Tautologies

Tautologie概念,汉语一般译为"重言",但此译法未能把此概念最根本的"自我相同"或"同一者"()的意思表达出来。因此这一理解下的重言,无论在逻辑学、修辞学还是哲学讨论中向来都带负面意义。然而后期海德格尔却独树一帜地回归到Tautologie"同一"这一原始意涵,他甚至把自己的思想称为"同一性思维",并视之为"根本意义的现象学",其循正面意义理解和肯定Tautologie之意便最明显不过。文章先陈述问题的历史背景,再从不同角度说明后期海德格尔思想在何种意义下是"同一性思维",接着说明黑格尔学说在什么意义下也可被视为另一类型的同一性系统。文章指出,正因二者表面雷同、内里迥异的哲学特点,海德格尔几乎每一思想阶段都要与黑格尔划清界限。就如缪勒一语道破,黑格尔简直是海德格尔"如假包换的、持久的和敌对的交谈对手"。文章最后把两种同一性思维加以对照,再做反思评论。

In philosophy, ＂tautology＂ is not a particularly admired notion. In logical, rhetorical, as well as philosophical contexts, the term ＂tautology＂ is used with a skeptical, if not pejorative intent. But interestingly, the later Heidegger described his own thought as ＂tautological thinking＂ and considered it ＂the primordial sense of phenomenology. ＂ The paper explains from different angles why the later Heidegger can be systematically related to his so-called ＂tautological thinking. ＂ It then argues that Hegel＇s legacy can also be considered, though implicitly, as another type of tautological system. The fact that on top of this subtle resemblance there lie profound differences between the two explains why in every phase of his work Heidegger felt the need to deal seriously with Hegel. In the words of Max Mtiller, Hegel was for Heidegger an ＂eternal antagonistic interlocutor. ＂ To conclude this paper, the two tautologies are put into stark contrast so that critical reflections and comments can be made.