长江三角洲农牧系统结构的区域差异及空间位移研究

STUDY ON REGIONAL DIFFERENCE AND SPATIAL DISPLACEMENT OF CROPPING-LIVESTOCK SYSTEM IN YANGTZE DELTA PLAIN

调整农业结构，实现农业增效、农民增收和农业可持续发展，以确保中国中长期食物安全，是中国目前和未来农业和农村工作的重点。农业结构的调整，必须建立在对系统整体认识的基础上，必须符合系统结构本身的演变规律。为此，作者于１９９６～１９９９年，以中国经济最为发达的长江三角洲农区为例，通过资料调研、专家咨询、农户调查、实地考察和试验等手段，对该区１９８０－１９９７年以来７１个县市的农业生产进行了全面的调查。利用基于ＧＩＳ的农牧系统综合评价系统，对长江三角洲农牧系统结构的区域差异和空间布局变化进行了全面分析。结果显示，长江三角洲农牧系统结构存在显著的空间梯度差异，布局上出现了明显的空间位移，农业重心开始向南北推移。棉花、小麦和玉米均向北部集中，生猪和家禽向北部和中部的东北部集中，农业生产呈现出显著的区域性专业化布局格式。

Production structure adjustment is the key point of agricultural and rural development in China at present and in the future, in order to raise agricultural benefit and farmers income, as well as to accomplish sustainable agriculture development and ensure the mid - long - term food security. However, the structure adjustment and system optimization should be based on the integral understanding of the agricultural production system, and its regularity of systematic structural evolution. For such reasons, the author considered Yangtze delta plain, which was the most developed farming region in China, as an example. Comprehensive investigations were conducted on the agricultural production from 1980 to 1997 in 70 counties of this region. The data were collected from literature, questionnaires to experts and farm households, on - site investigation and field experiments. With the comprehensive evaluation system based on GIS, the regional differences and spatial dispositions were analyzed for cropping - livestock system in Yangtze delta plain. The results showed that it was very effective to analyze the spatial structure with the evaluation system, and that there was notable spatial hierarchic difference in Yangtze delta plain. Meanwhile, there was notable spatial structural displacement of cropping-livestock system, and that agricultural production center had transferred to the northern region and southern region of Yangtze delta plain. Cotton, wheat and corn cropping was concentrated in region I, pig and poultry raising was concentrated in region I and the north - east of region II. The spatial disposition of agricultural production prevailed with a trend of regional specialization production in Yangtze delta plain.