摘要
目的分析2008-2012年贵州省乙类自然疫源及虫媒传染病的流行病学特征,为预防和控制该类传染病提供依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法,根据2008-2012年贵州省报告乙类自然疫源及虫媒传染病发病资料进行分析。结果 2008-2012年贵州省9个地(州、市)共报告乙类自然疫源及虫媒传染病9种6034例,年均报告发病率3.25/10万,各年度报告发病率分别为5.36/10万、4.99/10万、2.66/10万、2.00/10万和1.22/10万,报告发病率逐年下降;报告死亡1192例,年均报告死亡率0.65/10万。报告发病率居前3位的地(州、市)为黔南州(9.27/10万)、黔东南州(5.30/10万)、黔西南州(4.59/10万)。报告发病数居前3位的病种为疟疾2714例、流行性乙型脑炎(乙脑)1558例和狂犬病1118例,占全部病例的89.33%。疟疾发病集中在黔南、黔东南、黔西南州。乙脑病例主要为10岁以下儿童,发病时间集中在7-9月,其中8月为发病高峰。狂犬病病例以农民为主,占狂犬病报告发病总数的61.81%。2008-2012年共报告人感染高致病性禽流感病例3例,均明确有禽类接触史。结论贵州省乙类自然疫源及虫媒传染病总体呈逐年下降趋势,但布病报告率逐年上升,流行性乙型脑炎、狂犬病报告发病率仍居全国前3位,发病有明显的季节性和人群分布特征,应实施重点人群、重点区域、重点疾病、重点环节的防控策略,以预防和控制该类疾病的发生和流行。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of natural focus and vector borne infectious diseases in class B in Guizhou province and provide evidence for the prevention and control of these diseases. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted on the incidence data of natural focus and vector borne infectious diseases in class B reported in Guizhou from 2008 to 2012. Results A total of 6034 cases of 9 natural focus and vector borne infectious diseases in class B were reported during this period. The average annual incidence was 3. 25/lakh, the annual incidence was 5. 36/lakh, 4. 99/lakh, 2. 66/lakh, 2. 00/lakh and 1.22/lakh respectively, which showed a decline trend. A total of 1192 deaths were reported, the average annual death rate was 0. 65/lakh. The first 3 prefectures reporting high incidences were Qiannan (9. 27/lakh), Qiandongnan (5. 30/lakh) and Qianxinan (4. 59/lakh). The first 3 diseases with high case numbers were malaria (2714), Japanese encephalitis (1558) and rabies (1118), accounting for 89. 33% of the total cases. Malaria mainly occurred in Qiannan, Qiandongnan and Qianxinan, Japanese encephalitis mainly affected children aged less than 10 years and mainly occurred during Jun-September with the peak in August. Rabies cases were mainly farmers, accounting for 61.81% of the total. During this period, three cases of human infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus were reported, all the cases had poultry contact histories. Conclusion The overall incidence of natural focus and vector borne infectious diseases in class B in Guizhou was in decline, but the incidence of brucellosis was in increase. The incidences of Japanese encephalitis and rabies still ranked third at national level. The diseases had obvious seasonality and population distribution. It is necessary to conduct targeted prevention and control of these diseases.
出处
《疾病监测》
CAS
2014年第2期136-142,共7页
Disease Surveillance
基金
黔科平台(No.2012[4006])
黔科合SY字(No.[2009]3056)~~
关键词
乙类法定传染病
自然疫源
虫媒
描述流行病学
class B notifiable communicable disease
natural focus
vector
descriptive epidemiology