合法性与法治:教义性视角下的考察

Legality and the Rule of Law: An Investigation from the Doctrinal Perspective

对法治理想的恰当解释要区分政治性的法治观与教义性的法治观。教义性的法治观把法律视为一种自主性的规范实践,而非政治行动的工具,因此恰当的法治理论要呈现完整的合法性主张。合法性的概念分析要区分判准意义和教义性意义,哈特、富勒等理论家所发展的法治观关注了合法性的判准意义,但忽视了法律与价值世界的更深关联。德沃金对解释性概念的运用,使得法律在实践中的功能同时呈现出合法性的判准意义和教义性意义。法治观念在法律体系的运行同政治道德原则之间建立了实质关联,更具有理论吸引力。

In order to provide an appropriate interpretation of the ideal of rule of law,we need to distin-guish the political sense and the doctrinal sense of the notion. Rule of law in the doctrinal sense takes law as an autonomous normative practice rather than an instrument of political action. A proper theory of rule of law ought to present a complete view on legality. The conceptual analysis of legality should dis-tinguish the criterial sense and the doctrinal sense of the concept. The theories that Hart and Fuller de-veloped focus on the criterial sense of legality,but ignore the deeper connection between the law and the value world. Dworkin developed the interpretive concept of law and made the functions of law present both the criterial sense and the doctrinal sense of legality. This theory of the rule of law builds a sub-stantial connection between legal system and political morality,and thus is more appealing theoretically.