生物工程在农业资源开发中的应用

UTILIZATION OF BIOENGINEERING IN THE EXPLOITATION OF AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES

生物工程是对未来具有重要影响的高新技术领域之一 ,广泛应用于化工、食品、医药、农业、环境、材料等行业。本文介绍了生物工程在国内外发展状况及其对人类的重要影响 ,比较详细地论述了基因工程、细胞工程、发酵工程以及酶工程等生物工程在农业资源开发中的应用。基因工程突破了传统的农业生产模式 ,利用全新方法培育出具有特种性能的新型作物和牲畜品种 ,使农业产生一次新的革命 ;细胞工程不仅通过细胞融合产生优良杂种 ,而且使工厂化快速育苗成为可能 ;发酵工程对于生态农业和绿色农业的形成都有重要作用 ;而酶工程是农副产品精加工、深加工、发展高效益农业不可缺少的技术手段。生物工程在农业资源开发中的广泛应用 ,可使我国农业资源得到更合理、更有效、更高层次的开发利用 ,使我国农业生产达到一个新水平。

Bioengineering is an important high new technology which is quite influential in the future. It can be widely applied in many fields, such as chemical industry, food processing, medicine, agriculture, environmental control, materials and energy source, etc. In this paper, development situation of bioengineering at home and abroad is elaborated, the utilization of the main bioengineering including gene engineering, cell engineering, ferment engineering and enzyme engineering in the exploitation of agricultural resources is discussed in details. Gene engineering can break through the traditional agrcicultural methods, employ new ways to bring up some new crops and animals, which will help agriculture to make some revolutionary progress. Cell engineering can gain many better crop varieties than before and make it possible to breed speedily with factory ways. Ferment engineering can generate some significant effects to eco agriculture and green agriculture. Enzyme engineering is an important technique in deep degree and fine processing of agricultural products and developing high effective agriculture. Extensive utilization of bioengineering will promote exploitation of agricultural resources to an even more rational, more effective and more advanced level.