帝王优劣论的背景与意义——以汉魏之际的帝王论为中心

The Background and Significance of the Debate on Good and Bad Emperors: Centered on the Han and Wei Dynasties

帝王优劣论在汉魏之际的兴起与曹魏时期的君臣共论之风紧相联系:《太极东堂夏少康汉高祖论》是钟会对高贵乡公与群臣论议内容和过程的生动记载,《周成汉昭论》则是曹丕、曹植、丁仪同庭之下相互论难的产物。帝王优劣论的流播和影响则反映了汉末以降私人讲论之风的复兴:孔融《周武王汉高祖论》是对王充《论衡》相关内容的鼓吹和回应,曹植《汉二祖优劣论》、诸葛亮《汉二祖论》则是对仲长统《昌言》同题之论的进一步发挥。曹丕等人的《周成汉昭论》同时还是建安期间曹操威权日盛、流言四起政治环境下的产物,对"史论即政论"具有很好的诠释作用。

The debate on the merits and demerits of ancient emperors arose in the Han and Wei dynasties, as a result of debating atmosphere between rulers and their ministers. Tai Ji Dong Tang Xia Shao Kang Hart Gao Zu Lun, wrrtten by Zhong Hui, was the vivid record of the discussion between Gao Gui Xiang Gong and his officials. Zhou Cheng Han Zhao Lun was the result of discussion between Cao Pi, Cao Zhi and Ding Yi, all serving in the one and the same palace. The spread and influence of these argumentations reflected the revival of the discussing atmosphere among common people at the end of Han dynasty. Kong Rong＇s Zhou Wu Wang Hart Gao Za Lun was a response to Wang Chong＇s Lun Heng. The debates comparing Han Gao Zu and Han Guang Wu Di by Cao Zhi and Zhuge Liang were further development of Zhong Changtong ＇s Chang Yah. Zhou Cheng Han Zhao Lun by Cao Pi and others was the result of the special political environment when Cao Cao rose to the center of power, illustrating the view regarding a treatise on history as exactly a political comment.