从关联理论看汉语会话中歧义的消解

Resolving of Ambiguity in Chinese Conversation from the Perspective of Relevance Theory

以往的歧义研究较多的是以结构分析、语义分析等静态的方式开展的。虽然歧义现象是客观存在的语言现象之一,但在日常生活中,它的存在并非特别频繁地影响到会话的正常开展,这说明在会话中存在一个特殊的歧义消解的机制。Sperber和Wilson提出的关联理论为我们提供了一个动态的、认知的视野来解释会话中的歧义消解现象。在这一理论框架下,解歧的过程即明示-推理的动态过程,交际双方均有可能成为解歧方,而解歧的本质是交互认知环境的建立。在这一过程中,推理起着重要的作用。

The studies of ambiguity is usually based on static manners as structural analysis, semantic a- nalysis, etc. Although ambiguity is an objective language phenomenon in our daily life, it does not particular- ly affects the normal sessions, which indicates that there is a special session disambiguation mechanism. Sperber and Wilson＇s Relevance Theory provides a good dynamic and cognitive vision to explain the resolving of ambiguity produced in session. Under this theoretial framework, disambiguation process is the dynamic ostensive-inferential process. Both parties in the communication is likely to become the one who takes part in disambiguation, the nature of disambiguation process is the establishment of interactive cognitive environ- ment. Inference plays an imDortant role in this process.