从“民间闾巷”到“名垂史册”——《史记》社会底层人物形象探析

On the Character Image in the Bottom of Society of Shi Ji

《史记》是中国第一部纪传体通史,史学与文学价值璀璨古今。司马迁开创以人物传记为中心的修史笔法,本着"不虚美,不隐恶"的实录精神,描绘时代更迭中帝王将相的事迹的同时,大胆突破以往史书的惯例,为处于历史边缘、生活于社会底层的人物立传,对他们进行褒贬奖掖。《史记》社会底层人物形象类型丰富、个性鲜明,具备典型性、代表性。司马迁不惜笔墨,以赞扬为主,为这些"小人物"立传,这也是成就其"一家之言"修史宗旨的创作实践。

Shi Ji is Chine＇s first chronological and biographical history record with high literary and his- torical value. The writer Si Maqian creates the way of writing historical books centering on figure＇s biogra- phy, with the spirit of ＂no exaggeration, no veiling＂. He depicts the kings and dignitaries in various dynas- ties, and more strikingly, he breaks through the tradition, and writes biography for the marginal figures in bottom society, prasing or critisizing them. These bottom figures in the book Shi Ji are vivid and representa- tive. Si Maqian makes great effort to write about these people, mainly praisingly, and this practice is the em- bodiment of the writer＇s peculiar history writing principle which ultimately helps him to become prominent.