民事社会科学证据的中国图景

On the Civil Social Scientific Evidence in China

司法证明方法从神证到人证再到物证,呈现科学化发展的趋势,科学证据成为司法证明方法的必然选择,以社会调查为主要方法的新型诉讼证明方法逐步被应用于诉讼实践。社会科学证据符合客观性、关联性、合法性等证据属性,应赋予社会科学调查报告以法定的证据资格,并将其界定为鉴定意见。社会科学证据频现于我国诉讼实践中,但由于规则缺失,法院对待社会科学证据的态度差异较大。社会科学证据制度在我国的建立,应确定其法律依据,对社会科学证据鉴定机构、鉴定人员及技术标准实行统一管理;应限制法院决定是否同意社会调查的自由裁量权,赋予当事人程序性救济权,对重新调查程序的启动予以具体化规定;应建立技术性出庭制度、法官技术顾问及专家陪审制度等。

The judicial proof develops in a scientific way from the divinity evidence to witness to material evidence. Scientific evidence has become the inevitable choice of judicial proof. The new lawsuit proof method mainly based on the social survey has gradually been applied in judicial practice. Social scientific evidence with the objectivity, relevance, legitimacy should entitle legal qualification to the social scientific evidence, which is defined as the evaluation. Social scientific evidence is frequently applied in judicial practice in our country, but courts have different attitudes towards social scientific evidence because of the imperfect legal system. The social scientific evidence system in our country should be established on the legal basis. It needs unified management of the identification mechanism, identification of personnel and technical standards of social scientific evidence. It needs to limit the court decision whether or not to approve the discretion of social survey. It needs entitle the party with procedural right. It needs to be specific to the reinvestigation procedure. It needs establish technical court system, the technical adviser to judges and expert jury system.