地形和土壤营养对肥城桃品质的影响

Effects of Topography and Soil Nutrient on Fruit Quality of Felcheng Peach

于2011年8月至9月测定并调查了肥城市尹家沟村、营里村、西尚里村、沙窝村、老城园艺场、玉皇山园艺场、五里垢村7个采样点的土壤养分状况及地形条件，以7个地点所产“白里”肥城桃为试材，测定了其内外品质。研究结果表明：①土壤养分含量随土层加深而逐渐减少，即0—20cm〉20—40cm〉40～60cm。地形A（梯田或阶地：尹家沟村、营里村、西尚里村、玉皇山园艺场）的平均土壤pH=7．35，地形B（倾斜或微倾斜平地：沙窝村、老城园艺场、五里垢村）的平均土壤pH=6．75，两者差异显著。各采样点的土壤pH变幅在6．12—7．5之间，大多呈中性或微碱性。②各采样点土壤的N、P、K含量均比较丰富，但其有机质含量大多处于第4—5级水平，含量不足。③各采样点土壤的Ca／Mg变幅在12．5—25．29，显著超过了1．2—6．2的推荐范围。④地形A的肥城桃果个明显小于地形B的肥城桃，但其多项外观和内在品质指标均优于或显著优于地形B的肥城桃。所测土壤各营养指标均与果实中多项内在品质指标呈正相关，尤其是土壤交换性Ca与交换性Mg均与肥桃中维生素c的含量呈极显著正相关，相关系数分别为0．89＊＊、0．90＊＊。

In this experiment, soil nutrient status and topographic condition in 7 sampling points including Yinjiagou village ,Yingli village ,Xishangli village ,Shawo village ,Laocheng garden spot ,Yuhuang mountain garden spot, Wuligou village were measured and investigated during August and September in 2011. At the same time, Baili＇in Feicheng peaches in the 7 sampling points was used as experimental material and experimented. The results of the study show that：（1）With the soil layer deepening, soil nut/＇ient contents reduced gradually in every sampling point： between 0 and 20 cm 〉 between 20 and 40 cm 〉 between 40 and 60 cm. Average soil pH of Aerrain A （Terrace or terrace： Yinjiagou village,Yingli village,Xishangli village,Yuhuang mountain garden spot） was 7.35. Average soil pH of Aerrain B（ Inclined or micro tilt ground： Shawo village ,Laocheng garden spot,Wuligou village） was 6. 75. There is a significant difference of PH between Aerrain A and Aerrain B. The change of PH in all sampling points was between 6.12 and 7.5. The soil was majority neutral or alkalescence. （2） The N,P,K of the soil in every sampling point were rich, but the organic matter content was mostly between the fourth and the fifth grade level, which was insufficient. （3）The change of Ca/Mg was between 12.5 and 25.29, obviously exceeded the recommendation range between 1.2 and 6.2. （4）The volume of Feicheng Peach in Aerrain A is obviously less than Aerrain B. But,its most appearance qualities and inner qualities were better or significantly better than Aerrain B. （5）The measured soil nutrition index were all positive correlation with a number of intrinsic quality indicator of Feicheng peach . Especially, commutativity Ca and commutativity Mg were very significantly positive correlation with Vc of Feicheng peach, the correlation coefficients were 0.89 ＊ ＊ , 0.90＊＊ .