现代社会风险视域下科技价值观问题反思

A Reflection on the Value of Science and Technology from the Perspective of Modern Social Risks

现代性下,科学技术的发展逻辑与人类价值的发展逻辑发生了背离,并引发了更深层次的社会风险和精神价值的混乱。主要表现为科技理性与价值理性的分化,科技内在价值与社会价值的分离以及科技应用中目的与手段关系的错位。这些科技价值观念的单向度发展与现代性下科技价值的反思性特征密切相关。现代社会风险情境下科技知识自身具有不确性和风险性,科技内在价值和社会价值的矛盾冲突引发了更深层次的社会风险,同时科技在实践活动的运行中也具有不确定性和风险性。面对现代科学发展中的"二律背反"矛盾,我们需要从传统科技伦理的价值中立态度转向一种责任伦理的确立,在科技实践活动中加以道德诉求,在现代科技理性的重构中形成进步的现代科技精神和价值观念。

In the context of modernity, the development logic of science and technology deviates from the develop- ment logic of human value, which leads to further social nsks and spiritual confusion, such as the differentiation of technology rationality and value rationality, dislocation of the internal value and social value of science and technology, and the separation between the purpose and means in the application of science and technology. The one way development of modem science and technology value is closely related to the reflective characteristics of scientific and technological value. In the modem social risks situation, scientific and technological knowledge is uncertain and risky. The conflict between intrinsic value of technology and social value triggers deeper social risks, while sci- ence and technology is also uncertain and risky in practice. In the face of the contradictions in the development of modem science, we need to establish responsibility ethics which is separated from the value neutrality of the tradi- tional science and technology ethics, add moral appeals to the practice of scientific and technological activities, and develop modem scientific spirits and value concepts in the reconstruction of modem rationality of science and technology.