从农村参与走向城市参与:农民工政治融入实证研究——基于昆明市2084份样本的问卷调查

From Rural Participation to Urban Participation:the Quantitative Study on Political Inclusion for Rural- urban Migrants

农民工的城市融入已发展到政治参与及制度改革的关键时期。基于2012年对昆明市2084个农民工政治参与问卷调研数据,采取对数回归方法分析农民工政治融入的影响因素。农民工的政治参与开始从农村向城市转移,但城市参与度低于农村参与度,政治融入水平偏低;新生代、建筑业农民工的城市参与不足,精英农民工的政治融入需求凸显,亟待开辟制度化的参与途径提升其政治地位;对农民工的政治融入具有显著影响的是政治资本、社会资本与文化资本,而经济资本几乎没有影响。农民工政治融入的困境在于城市正式组织发展的滞后所带来的资本匮乏及参与不足。

Social inclusion for Rural -urban migrants and institution changed. Based on the Sample Survey in China has involved political participation on 2084 Rural -urban migrants in the Kun- ming of China in 2012, the article examines Political inclusion for migrants by exploring two key dimensions（ Rural participation, Urban participation）. The data analysis finds that Political inclu- sion has transferred from Rural area to Urban area,but Urban partic;pation degree of migrants still is lower. Political inclusion for elite migrants and young migrants has increasingly been empha- sized, which is essentially to develop institutional political participation to enhance their political status,especially, Political inclusion of migrants from construction is more lower than migrants from other occupation, Political inclusion is more significantly reflected by political capital, social capital and culture capital, but economic capital hasn＇t nearly affected Political inclusion. The limitation of Political inclusion is caused by the absence of formal organization and participation.