对生命资本的伦理审视

The Ethical Reflection of Biocapital

马克思曾在《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中以人的肉体存在为关注起点,以异化为中心概念,以对物质性与抽象化辩证关系的考察为重要方法,对资本进行了一场深刻的伦理批判。伴随着生命科学的迅猛发展,由于资本更多地投向身体,"生命资本"这一原本隐而不显的资本形式日渐突出而重要,并可能导致愈加深层的生命异化状态;这就需要从"身体"反观资本——对资本的抽象物进行物质性还原,并以一种强调身体在场性的伦理,尤其是将资本和技术具身化的伦理,对生命资本进行有效的伦理规约。

In the ＂Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844＂, Marx carried out a profound ethi- cal critique to the capital, with the physical presence of human being as the starting point, ＂alienation＂ as the central concept, and the exploration of dialectical relationship between materiality and abstraction as an important method. With the rapid development of life sciences, as capital is increasingly aimed at the body, an implicit and extended form of capital, ＂ bio - capital, grows ine bring a more alienated life. Consequently, we should rethink reasingly prominent and important, which may the capital from the viewpoint of the ＂ body＂. That is to say, we need to have the abstraction of capital to be materially reduced and call on a kind of ethics which emphasizes the physical presence, especially the embodiment of capital and technology, to make effective ethical regulation of biocapital.