试论中国的“政府推进型”法治道路及其实践中存在的问题

The Chinese Law Road“Carried Forward by the Government” and Its Existing Problems in Practice

“政府推进型”法治道路是相对于“自然演进型”法治道路而言的一种法治化道路模式 ,它是指一国的法治化运动是在“政府”的推动下启动和推进的 ,法治目标主要是在政府的目标指导下设计形成的 ,是“人为”建构的 ,法治化进程及其目标任务主要是借助和利用政府所掌握的本土政治资源完成的。中国选择和走上“政府推进型”法治道路 ,是一种历史和现实的客观选择。“政府推进型”法治道路具有许多优点和长处 ,但在法治化实践中也存在许多问题、矛盾和潜在的危险。中国今后在法治实践中应着力思考和解决的两个问题是 :一是在进一步强化“政府”权威 ,长期保持“政府”强大推进动力的同时 ,依法加强对“政府”权力的有效监督和制约 ,最终实现“政府权力”和对“政府权力”监督的法治化和民主化 ;二是在坚持“政府推进”、发挥政府主导作用的同时 ,必须大力发展和培植社会、民间法治资源 ,发挥社会。

The law road“carried forward by the government”is a road model of law relative to that of“natural gradual progress”.It means that a nation's law movement is started and carried forward under the promotion of“the government”;the law aim is mainly designed and formed under the guidance of the governmental goal and it is determined by men;the law process and its target and task are completed with the aid of and through native political resources controlled by the government.The law road“carried forward by the government”which China has chosen and taken is a historical and real objective choice.The law road“carried forward by the government”has many merits and strong points,but many problems,contradictions and potential dangers also exist in law practice.The two problems that China should concentrate her efforts on consideration and solution in law practice ahead are:first,while further strengthening the authority of“the government”and maintaining the powerfull propelling force of“the government”over the long period of time,we should strengthen the effective supervision to and restriction on the power of“the government”according to law,and ultimately realize rule by law and democratization of“the power of the government”and the supervision to“the power of the government”;second,while persisting in“being carried forward by the government”and playing the leading role of the government,we must devote major efforts to developing and cultivating social and nongovernmental resources of law and play the propelling role of social and nongovernmental law resources in the process of rule by law of the Chinese society.