水体污染民事责任的中德比较

Comparison of the Civil Liability of Water Pollution in China and Germany

为促进我国环境治理与环境司法,有必要考察德国水法中的法律责任体系。《德国水平衡管理法》第89条规定了改变水体特征应承担的私法上之责任。改变水质引起的民事责任属于严格的危险责任,并区分为行为责任和设施责任两种法律责任构成事实。同时,水法上的责任与《环境责任法》、《环境损害法》及《民法典》相互指引和补充,由此构成较完善的责任体系。我国在《民法通则》、《物权法》、《侵权责任法》、《环境保护法》、《水法》及《水污染防治法》中同样规定了水事相关的私法责任,但体系性不足,明确和严格程度不够。在立法技术、规则体系和法律理念上,德国水体污染责任体系值得我国水法及其他环境法借鉴。

In order to promote China's environmental governance and environmental justice, it is necessary to investigate the legal liability system of German law. In German law, changing the characteristics of water should bear the private law responsibility which belongs to the strict risk liability, and is divided into behavior resposibility and responsibility.At the same time, the responsibility of the water and the environment responsibility act, the environmental damage law and the civil code are guidance and complement each other, thus constitute a relatively perfect responsibility system. Chinese laws also rule on the water related law responsibility, but are insufficient system, not clear and strict. On the legislative technology, rules and legal idea, the liability system of water pollution in German is worthy of reference for our country.