LysM结构域及其与植物-真菌相互作用的关系

LysM Domains and Its Roles in Plant-Fungus Interactions

在长期的进化过程中,植物与真菌之间形成了复杂而又紧密的联系,其中最主要的就是侵染与防御的关系。植物的抗病性由于涉及农作物、林木的生长与产量,逐渐成为研究热点。在植物免疫系统中,对病原真菌的识别是一个重要环节。目前认为在这一过程中,LysM结构域起到了极为关键的作用。植物细胞膜上有含LysM结构域的识别受体,该受体可以结合真菌细胞壁上的几丁质,并将信号传递到胞内,从而启动免疫反应。在真菌中,同样具有含LysM结构域的基因,主要是一类效应因子。它们可能参与真菌在侵染过程中的"伪装",以逃避植物的识别。该文以LysM结构域在植物-真菌相互作用中扮演的角色为着眼点,讨论有关研究的意义与趋势,并对如何利用LysM结构域的相关研究进行有效的抗病育种提出了新的设想。

Abstract During evolution, complicated interactions were formed between plants and fungi. The most common form is infection and defence. Recently, studies have focused on this area because of its effect on yield and quality of crops and forest trees. Perception of a pathogenic fungus at the cell surface is an important step in plant immunity. A conserved domain called LysM plays a central role in this process. Plants recognize pathogenic fungi by LysM-contained cell-surface receptors. These receptors can bind with chitin, the main component of the fungal cell wall, and deliver signals into the cell to initiate the immune response. However, some pathogenic fungi evolve LysM effectors to avoid being recognized by the host. Here, we summarize current research into the LysM domain in plants and fungi, emphasize the significance and future directions, and discuss how to develop high efficiency breeding for disease resistance. Key words LysM, domain, fungi, molecular interactions