以问题为导向的教学法在七年制眼科医学生临床病例讨论教学中应用

Application of PBL to ophthalmic clinical case discussion among students of seven-year medical education program

七年制眼科临床研究生的培养主要是要求研究生在2年的临床实习阶段加强临床理论知识和技能的培养。以问题为导向的教学方法(problem-based learning,PBL)是以问题为基础,学生为主,教师为辅的小组讨论教学模式,在教学中以问题诱导学生思考,能提高研究生的学习积极性,小组教学的模式更适合进入到眼科专科培训的研究生临床教学。临床病例讨论具有真实性和个案独特性,将其引入临床教学中,通过参与讨论,能促进研究生的相互交流和积累经验。但临床病例讨论因专业性强,对参与者临床思维要求高,使研究生在讨论中参与度受限。而以问题为导向的教学方法与临床病例讨论两者相结合的临床教学模式避免了这些不足,更能有效提高研究生的临床能力,为其毕业后进入临床工作奠定基础。

In our seven-year medical education program, to strengthen theoretical knowledge learning and clinical skills training is the key problem in its 2-year clinical training stage. Problem-based learning（PBL）, a team teacheing-mode by problem-based, student-centered, teacher-oriented panel discussion, can conduct students to think, and to improve study enthusiasm. It is more suitable medical training for students after they enter the clinical learning phase. Clinical case discussion can promote graduate students to communicate and accumulate experience, by unquestionable authenticity and uniqueness cases. But the clinical case discussion count for highly specialized and high requirements in clinical experience so that students participator is not actived. A teaching method combined PBL and clinical case discussion can effectively improve the graduate clinical competence.