具体举证责任视角下举证妨碍理论与制度的重构

On the Reconstruction of the Theory and System concerning the Spoliation of Evidence under the Perspective of the Concrete Burden of Proof

举证妨碍理论的产生与现代证明责任理论具有密切的亲缘关系,而在晚近兴起的"具体举证责任"理论视野之下,这一概念与制度也将悄然重构。举证妨碍概念在不同的理论背景下的界定或建构是有区别的,在具体举证责任理论下举证妨碍的行为主体、针对对象及行为方式均与传统界定有别。举证妨碍的多元理论基础之间存在逻辑层次关系,相应的救济效果也需体系化重构。举证妨碍作为法解释学上的一个概念不仅也不应囿于实定法上的明确规范。

The generation of the theory of the spoliation of evidence and the modem burden of proof theory have a close relationship. Under the theoretical vision of＂the concrete burden of proof＂,the concept and the system will also be gradually reconstructed. Under different theoretical context, the definition or construction of the concept is different. In the context of the theory of the concrete burden of proof, the subjects, objects and behavior of the spoliation of evidence are different from the traditional definitions. There are logical hierarchical relationships between multiple theoretical basis of the spoliation of evidence, and the corresponding remedy effects also need systematic reconstruction. The spoliation of evidence as a concept in the law hermeneutics should not be confined to the clear specification of the positive law.