三种外来入侵植物提取液对三种植物病原真菌的抑菌作用

Suppression of Three Alien Invasive Plants Extracts on Plant Pathogenic Fungi

以三裂叶蟛蜞菊(Wedelia trilobata)、凤眼莲(Eichhornia crassipes)和薇甘菊(Mikania micrantha)3种常见外来入侵物种为材料,研究了其水提取液对黄瓜枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxysporum)、黄瓜灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)和番茄早疫病菌(Alternaria solani)的抑菌活性。结果表明,3种植物提取液均有一定的抑菌作用,其中三裂叶蟛蜞菊和薇甘菊提取液对3种病原菌的抑制效果随提取液浓度升高而增强。当浓度为0.10 g/mL时,三裂叶蟛蜞菊提取液对黄瓜枯萎病菌、黄瓜灰霉病菌和番茄早疫病菌的最高抑菌率分别为20.18%、26.84%和17.27%;薇甘菊提取液对它们的最高抑菌率分别为22.53%、17.75%和19.06%;凤眼莲提取液对部分供试病原菌的抑菌效果并未随着提取液浓度的升高而呈规律性变化,但对3种病原菌的最高抑菌率较前两者高,均在25.76%以上。

The antifungal activities of three common invasive plants,Wedelia trilobata,Eichhornia crassipes and Mikania micrantha were measured on three plant pathogenic fungi,Fusarium oxysporum,Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria solani,by mycelia growth method.The results showed that,the three plant extracts possessed inhibitory activity against all plant pathogenic fungi tested.Among them,the antifungal activities of Wedelia trilobata and Mikania micrantha extracts showed stronger inhibition on the three pathogens tested with increases in extract concentration.When the extract concentration was 0.10 g/mL,the highest inhibition rate of Wedelia trilobata extracts on Fusarium oxysporum,Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria solani were 20.18％,26.84％ and 17.27％ respectively,while those of Mikania micrantha extracts were 22.53％,17.75％ and 19.06％,respectively.However,it was observed that,Eichhornia crassipes extracts did not indicate antifungal activities proportional to the increases in extract concentration and compared with other two plant extracts,it showed relative higher inhibition rates on the three fungi tested,which were all above 25.76％.