关学大儒冯从吾哲学思想述论

Discussion on Feng Congwu's Philosophy Theory

冯从吾是晚明关学大儒、著名理学家,他在关中书院的讲学活动不仅将明代关学推向了其发展的第二个高峰,也使关学完成了心性化的转向。冯从吾以儒佛之辨为为学的第一步,将"理"作为辨别儒与佛老的根本,并以此为基力辨心性;冯从吾对当时流行的"无善无恶"说进行了批评,认为此说违背了孟子的"性善论"而堕入佛老之中;针对晚明学术思想的分歧,主张会通朱、王,尽力将本体与工夫统一起来,以为惟此方可避免流于玄虚与支离。冯从吾构建的"本体工夫合一"的理论体系,此后深刻地影响了清初关学的发展。

Feng Congwu is a guan scholar and famous Confucian in the late Ming dynasty. His lecturing activities in the Guanzhong academy not only pushed the guan school to the second peak in the Ming dynasty, but also make it turn to mind completely. Feng took the dispute between Confucianism and Buddhism, Taoism as the first step to learn, saw ＂sci- ence＂ as the identify fundament ,and distinguish mind based on this; Feng criticized the popular theory about ＂no good without evil＂, thought this theory has fallen down to Buddhism and Taoism which has been to the contrary to Mencius ＂ theory of original goodness of human nature＂; Differences on academic thought in late Ming dynasty, he advocated to ele- ment Zhu and Wang, and tried to unify the body and the time, and saw this as the only way to avoid superficial and frag- mented. Feng build the theory system of ＂the unity of the body and the time＂, and has a profound impact on the develop- ment of Guan school in the early Qing dynasty.