基于石笋记录的云贵高原古气候变化研究进展

THE ANCIENT CLIMATE CHANGE RESEARCH PROGRESS BASED ON STALAGMITE RECORDS OF YUNNAN-GUIZHOU PLATEAU

重建古气候、古环境已成为当今全球变化研究的热点.石笋作为岩溶洞穴次生化学沉积物的典型代表,是古气候研究的重要载体.基于近年来已报道的贵州荔波、茂兰、都匀凯口及云南寻甸、宣威、宁蒗等地11个洞穴30余根石笋的氧同位素数据的综合分析,认识云贵高原163 kaBP以来的古气候变化情况.结果表明,163kaBP以来,青藏高原隆升对全球气候格局的改变及季风系统的形成起到重大影响,在此大背景下,云贵高原气候演变体现了全球一致性,也呈现出其自身规律：（1）倒数第2次冰期的冰盛期（163.3～ 129.28 kaBP）,气候严寒干冷,期间伴随温凉向冷干的转变;（2）末次间冰期（129.28～78.92 kaBP）,气候温暖湿润,但期间冷暖波动变化幅度很大;（3）末次冰期（78.92～11.2 kaBP）,气候极不稳定,冷暖波动很大,总体呈现降雨由多变少,气温由高变低的变化趋势;（4）全新世（11.2 kaBP至今）,气候温暖,雨量充沛,气候呈现变暖—高温—稍变冷—恢复的变化趋势.云贵高原作为一个特殊区域,即东亚季风与印度季风的过渡带,对研究中国甚至于全球季风系统的演变发展有着重要意义.通过多指标多手段,提高研究区研究精度,拟建古气候变化曲线,应对全球变暖的区域性实证研究及未来气候模拟预测将是今后努力的方向.

Reconstruction of paleoclimate and paleoenvironment has become a hot spot in today＇s global change research. Stalagmites, as a typical example of secondary chemical sediment in karst cave, has become an important carder of the ancient climate research. Based on reported oxygen isotope analysis data from more than 30 stalagmites of 11 caves from Libo, Maolan, Duyun, Kaikou of Guizhou Province and Xundian, Xuanwei, Ninglang of Yunnan Province, through the comprehensive analysis, exploring the ancient climate change of the Yunnan -Guizhou Plateau since 163 thousand years. Results indicated： Qinghai -tibet plateau uplift had a significant impact to the pattern of global climate change and the formation of the monsoon system, in this context, the Yunnan- Guizhou Plateau climate evolution embodied the global consistency, also presented its own rule： （1） Penultinate Glaciation Maximum （ 163.3-129.28 kaBP）, cold and dry climate with the changes from cool to cold during this period; （2） Last Interglacial （129.28-78.92 kaBP）, warm humid cliamate, but changes in temperature fluctuations and rangeability were significant during this period; （3） Last Glaciation （78.92--11.2 kaBP）, unstable climate with big temperature fluctuation in the last glaciation, General present a trend of rainfall gradually reduced and temperature changed from high to low ; （4） The Holocene （ 11.2kaBP to date）, the cliamate was warm with plenty rainfall, climate change presented a trend from warming, high temperature, a bit cold to recovery. The Yunnan - Guizhou Plateau as a special region, namely the Indian monsoon and the east Asi- an monsoon transition zone, has important significance to the study of the evolution of our country and even the global monsoon system development. By means of multiple indexes, to improve the precision of research in the study area, proposed the ancient climate change curve, the regional empirical research on fighting against global warming and the climate simulation prediction for future will be the direction of future efforts.