胶东祭海仪式变迁——以田横镇黄龙庄祭海节为例

The Change of Sea Ceremony in Jiaodong——Take Tianheng Seagod Festival in Huanglong Village as an Example

作为国家非物质文化遗产的田横祭海节迄今为止已有500多年的历史。随着时代的发展、渔民生产生活方式的转变,田横祭海节的功能也发生了根本性变化,由渔民群体的海神崇拜转向全民性的文化盛宴,休闲娱乐功能占主导地位。田横祭海节被成功地打造为全国文化民俗知名品牌,有力地推动了当地旅游业及相关产业的发展,从而带动了当地经济的发展。然而在黄龙庄祭海仪式变迁过程中仍存在着旅游管理思路不清晰、规划不够系统全面、文化事业发展模式单一等问题,从而导致阻碍节庆旅游业发展、海洋生态环境恶化和海洋文化的差异性逐渐消失等问题。唯有对其现阶段存在的消极状态进行合理化调整,才能促使田横祭海节顺应社会变迁的规律,实现更好的发展。

The sea ceremony of Tianheng is a national intangible cultural heritage, and has a history of more than 500 years so far. With the development of society, the changes of fishermen production and lifestyle, the function of it changes--from sea god worship to leisure and entertainment, and has great impact on economics, and lead to the development of tourism. However, during the change there are still many problems which cause some negative influence, such as the unclear tourism management, the incomprehensive planning, the undiversified development of culture undertakings model. All of these hinder the development of tourism festivals, and cause the deterioration of marine environment, the disappearance of marine cultural differences and other issues. Only by handling the negative influence can TianHeng follow social changes, and then gain better development.