钠离子紊乱病因及神经系统并发症

Causes and neurological manifestations of sodium disturbances

钠离子紊乱是临床常见的电解质紊乱,其可导致神经系统并发症;神经系统表现多为功能性改变,如果及时合理纠正,症状通常可逆。相反,如果不恰当处理,则可导致症状加重,出现不可逆性损害,甚至导致患者死亡。因此,有效的识别和治疗钠离子紊乱以及积极处理导致电解质紊乱的原发疾病极为重要。本章主要阐述低钠血症与高钠血症的病因,所致神经系统并发症的相关机制、临床表现及其治疗。

Sodium disturbances are common in clinical practice and are associated with a variety of neurological manifestations. The neurological consequences of electrolyte disorders are usually functional rather than structural. Consequently, the neurological manifestations of electrolyte disturbances are usually reversible, particularly if they are corrected and effectively managed at an early stage. If they are corrected inappropriatly, the situation will become worse and may cause the patient to die. So effective management requires identification and treatment of the primary disorder in addition to correction of the electrolyte abnormality. The causes and neurological manifestations of abnormalities of serum sodium are reviewed in this chapter.