河南省自制饮料微生物污染状况调查及分析

Investigation and analysis of microbial contamination in self-made beverages in Henan province

目的了解河南省自制饮料的整体卫生状况,为鲜榨果蔬汁的地方卫生标准及国家卫生标准的制定提供参考依据。方法选择河南省各省辖市及县城乡镇的大中小型宾馆、饭店及冷饮店共采集6大类共计275份样品。根据GB4789-2010、GB 4789-2012《食品安全国家标准食品微生物学检验》方法对样品进行菌落总数、大肠菌群、沙门菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和志贺菌5个项目检测。结果现调果蔬汁、碳酸饮料、茶饮料、含乳饮料各项微生物指标均合格的合格率分别为:52.94%、51.85%、60.00%、75.00%。鲜榨果蔬汁菌落总数≥50000的为47.76%,大肠菌群≥2400的为44.78%,检出致病菌,包括4株金黄色葡萄球菌和1株志贺菌。植物蛋白饮料菌落总数≥100的为50.00%,大肠菌群≥30的为25.00%。结论河南省自制饮料的卫生质量较低,卫生部门应加强监管力度。建议国家尽快制定统一的鲜榨果蔬汁卫生标准。

Objective To understand the overall hygienic status of self - made beverages in Henan province and provide reference for forthcoming national and local standards of fresh fruit and vegetable juices. Methods A total of 275 samples in six categories were collected from hotels, restaurants and cold drink stores of various sizes in cities and towns of Henan province. Then the total number of bacterial colony, coliform, Salmonella, S. aureus, and Shigella were detected in these samples according to GB 4789 - 2010 and GB 4789 - 2012, ＂Microbiology test methods for national food safety＂. Results The qualified rates of fresh fruit and vegetable juices, carbonated beverages, tea beverages and milk - containing beverages were 52.94%, 51.85%, 60.00%, 75.00% respectively, qualified for all the test items. In fresh fruit and vegetable juices, total number of bacterial colony equal or above 50000 cfu./ml accounted for 47.76%, while the coliforms equal or above 2400 cfu/ml accounted for 44.78%. Meanwhile, 4 S. aureus strains and 1 Shigella strain were detected. In vegetable protein beverages, total number of bacterial colony equal or above 100 cfu/ml accounted for 50.00%, while the coliforms equal or above 30 cfu/ml accounted for 25.00%. Conclusion Self- made beverages showed relatively low hygiene level in Henan province, so the hygienic ad- ministration departments should strengthen monitoring and supervision, and the corresponding national hygienic standards of fresh fruit and vegetable juices should be made as soon as possible.