由“性恶意识”再论儒家的“慎独”之道

Re-exploration of Confucian Idea of Shendu from the Awareness of Evil Nature

"性恶意识"是对人性中黑暗倾向的一种概括。它不同于"性恶论"对人性的简单界定,而是透过对人性的洞察思考,在肯定人性中存在黑暗倾向的同时,并不否认心灵有对至善的殷切向往。从"性恶意识"的角度来看,儒家提倡"慎独"之道正是由于"性恶意识"在现实中的泛滥成灾,而对"慎独"之道的坚守却能够彰显出儒者心中的明诚率性。换而言之,儒者对人格修养的审慎态度是由于心灵之中存在着"性恶意识",而"性恶意识"的存在又考验着个体生命对儒家道德境界的体认。

The awareness of evil nature is a summary of the evil tendency in human nature. It is different from the theory of evil human nature,but affirms that there is the dark tendency in human nature certainly while there is the longing for the good. From the awareness of evil nature,the Confucian idea of Shendu comes from the awareness of evil nature in reality,and the Confucian show their moral from the insistence on the idea of Shendu. In other words,because there is the awareness of evil nature in human's spirit,the Confucian have the cautious attitude to personality cultivation. And the awareness of evil nature is also a trial for Confucian moral realm.