吉安市双季早稻气候适宜度变化特征及评价分析

Variation Characteristics and Evaluation on Climatic Suitability during Growth Season of Double-crop Early Rice in Jian City

为科学指导早稻生产,对江西省吉安市双季早稻生长季温、光、水的需求及当地气候条件进行分析,建立了双季早稻温度、降水、日照适宜度模型.根据模型分别计算了1961 ～2010年吉安市双季早稻生长季各气候因子的适宜度和逐旬各气候因子适宜度.结果表明,近50年来双季早稻气候适宜度总体偏低,且略有下降趋势;温度适宜度较降水、日照适宜度偏高,呈现出三个阶段的阶段式波动变化.双季早稻气候适宜度随生育进程总体呈上升趋势.降水适宜度整体偏低,是制约早稻生长发育的重要因子.温度适宜度对气候适宜度的影响占主要地位,秧苗期的低温、分蘖-孕穗期的低温、乳熟期的高温是导致其温度适宜度偏低的主要因素.

To guide the double-crop early rice production in Ji＇an region,the suitability evaluation model was established by analyzing the demand of temperature,light,water for growth and development of double-crop early rice and local climatic conditions.Climatic factors suitability of double-crop early rice growing season and very 10 days in the same period in Ji＇ an city during 1961 ～ 2010 was calculated by using the model.The results showed that the climatic suitability indicated downward and stay a low level during the fifty years.Temperature suitability was higher than precipitation and sunshine suitability,which presented the phase fluctuations in three stages.Climatic suitability was upward with double-crop early rice development processing.Precipitation suitability was an important factor affecting double-crop early rice development.Temperature was a key climatic factor affecting doublecrop early rice growth and development.It was the main reason for low temperature suitability for double-crop early rice that low temperature for double-crop early rice seedling stage and tillering to booting stage,high temperature for early rice milk stage.