关于大气臭氧问题的主要研究进展

Main Progresses in the Research on Ozone

大气臭氧是非常重要的温室气体,其在全球的分布具有不均匀性,受到人类活动的显著影响,近几十年来由于对流层臭氧增加造成正的辐射强迫会增加大气温室效应,而平流臭氧减少会使其吸收的紫外线辐射减少,为负的辐射强迫,使得平流层大气降温。因此关于大气臭氧浓度变化及其对气候的影响是非常复杂的,一直是科学界研究的热点和难点问题。自从20世纪50年代末到70年代就发现臭氧浓度有减少的趋势。1985年英国南极考察队在南纬60°地区观测发现存在大气臭氧层空洞;自此开始,大气臭氧问题引起了世界各国的极大关注,并给予很多研究。目前,平流层和对流层臭氧浓度的观测仍然是研究的重点。鉴于对流层臭氧浓度持续升高和平流层臭氧浓度的不断下降,以及他们在对流层和平流层大气温度中所起的不同作用,本文将主要针对近五年来大气臭氧相关的研究进展进行简要的综述,包括对流层和平流层臭氧浓度及其观测研究,和人类活动的影响等方面进行分述。最后给出目前研究工作的不足和未来工作展望。

Tropospheric Ozone is a very important greenhouse gas and its global distribution is affected by hu- man activities significantly. The radiative forcing （RF） of increasing tropospheric ozone will strengthen atmospheric greenhouse effect and the depletion of stratospheric ozone will reduce ultraviolet radiation absorption, which is nega- tire RF leading to stratospheric cooling. Therefore, change in the concentration of atmospheric ozone and its impact on the climate has become a key issue. The decrease in the concentration of stratospheric ozone was found between late 1950s and the 1970s. In 1985, the observation of the stratospheric ozone hole at 60~S made by British Antarctic Expedition raised attentions and studies around the word. Currently, the concentration of ozone is still increasing in the troposphere and declining in the stratosphere, thus ozone plays different roles in the troposphere and strato- sphere temperature change. Therefore, observations of tropospheric and stratospheric ozone concentration are still hot topics. This paper will overview studies on atmospheric ozone briefly over the past five years, including tropo- spheric and stratospheric ozone concentration, ozone observation, the impact of human activities and the insufficiency of current ozone researches.