山西省适龄儿童受教育机会权调查与分析

Investigation into and Analysis of School-age Children's Right of Receiving Education in Shanxi Province

通过对山西省10个市20个县121所中小学适龄儿童受教育机会权的调研表明,山西省适龄儿童受教育机会权的保障取得了一定的成效,主要体现为:九成适龄儿童能够就近入学;七成以上的适龄儿童能够按时入学;近六成适龄儿童实现了免试入学。但山西省适龄儿童受教育机会权保障仍存在一些问题,如部分适龄儿童家校距离较远、推迟入学的现象一定程度上依然存在、学校乱收费现象依然严重、免试入学不彻底。究其原因,主要在于:"撤点并校"缺乏科学合理的规划;家长观念落后,入学制度缺乏灵活性;优质教育资源稀缺,滋生了极大的教育"寻租"空间;二元格局依然明显,择校现象普遍存在。有效保障适龄儿童的受教育机会权,可采取以下措施:因地制宜设置学校,注重教育公平;统筹城乡经济发展,促进教育均衡;缩小校际差异,消除"寻租"根源;保障适龄儿童的受教育机会权,消除一切不利因素。

A survey has been made of school-age children in 121 primary and middle schools of 20 counties of 10 cities in Shanxi Province and the result shows that some achievements have been made in the guarantee of their rights of e- ducation. To be specific, 90% of children can go to the neighborhood schools, more than 70% of children can go to school on time and nearly 60% of children can go to school free of Charge. But there are still some problems： some children live far away from the schools; there still exists the phenomenon of delay in going to school; the problem of arbitrary charges is still very serious; the policy of going to school free of charge is not carried out well. The reasons are mainly as follows： there is a lack of scientific and reasonable planning in school merging; parents＇ ideas are backward and flexibility is lacking in school enrollment; there is a shortage of quality educational resources, leading to the great ＂rent-seeking＂ space of education; dualistic structure is still obvious and choice of schools is still widespread. To effectively guarantee the school-age children＇ s right of receiving education, we can take the following measures： building schools according to the local conditions and emphasizing the equality of education; making a comprehensive planning of the urban and rural economic development and promoting the educational balance; narrowing the difference between schools and eliminating the root of ＂rent-seeking＂; guaranteeing children＇ s right of receiving education and eliminating all the adverse factors.