论社会科学研究的价值移情与超脱——兼评韦伯的“价值中立”观

On Value Empathy and Detachment of Sociological Research:A Commentary on Weber's Value Neutrality

由于价值的介入,长期以来社会科学何以能成为科学一直纷争不断,为化解由此而产生的社会学危机,文章对韦伯有关学术遗产作了深度解析,进而指出:第一,韦伯的社会科学方法论中的"价值中立"不是价值无涉的价值中立,而是指进入研究领域后研究者对科学外价值立场超脱和对科学内价值立场移情的价值中立;第二,在社会科学研究中,要有科学精神和人文精神的两种移情,研究者才能在行动实践中实现事实判断与价值判断之间的内在一贯性。

Due to the interference of value, sociology recognized as a discipline of science has long been debatable, resulting in sociological crisis. To resolve this crisis, this paper presents an in-depth analysis of the academic legacy put forward by Weber and reaches the following conclu- sions： firstly,value neutrality in Weber＇s sociological methodology does not refer to the one meaning value free, but is equaled in researchers＇ value detachment outside the science and value empathy inside the science after entering into research fields; secondly, sociological research re- quires two kinds of empathy concerning scientific and humanistic spirits, so researchers can realize the inherent consistency between fact judgment and value judgment in practice.