解决幼儿教师待遇问题——基于行业准入与人力资本收益的制度设计

Solving the Problem of Kindergarten Teachers' Treatment through the System of the Industry Access and Returns to Human Capital

当前我国幼儿教师待遇问题已经直接影响到教师队伍建设和学前教育发展质量。教育活动的非生产性、难以测度性、学前教育的市场化以及政府部门重视不够是造成幼儿教师待遇较低问题的主要原因。基于对幼儿教师行业工资形成过程以及人力资本收益实现过程的分析,研究认为可以从提高学前教育专业化程度来改善幼儿教师待遇,具体包括:完善并推行严格的幼儿教师准入和评聘制度;基于幼儿教师队伍质量和资格认定情况,构建相应的幼儿园办学准入和奖惩制度;由政府制定科学、合理的效率工资待遇评定方式和标准以及相应的公共财政补贴制度。

The problems of current kindergarten teacher＇s treatment have the direct impact on the con- struction of kindergarten teacher＇s force and the quality of preschool education in China. These problems are mainly due to the unproductive and measured difficultly of educational activities, the marketization of preschool education as well as the lack of the government＇s attention to preschool education. By analy- zing the process of realization of industry treatment and human capital of kindergarten teachers, we sug- gest that the government could improve the treatment of kindergarten teachers by improving the degree of specialization of preschool education, specifically including perfecting and carrying out strict access and e- valuation system of kindergarten teachers, constructing the access, rewards and penalties system of kin- dergartens based on the quality and qualification of kindergarten teachers, the government to develop a scientific and reasonable assessment methods and standards of efficiency wage and the corresponding pub- lic finance subsidy system.