阻燃聚酯/纳米SiO_2复合材料的制备及阻燃性能

Preparation and Flammability Property of Flame Retardant Polyester/SiO_2 Nanocomposite

采用直接酯化法,使用反应型含磷单体合成阻燃聚酯,在酯化产物中加入改性纳米SiO2制备阻燃聚酯/纳米SiO2复合材料,使用热重(TG)分析、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、极限氧指数(LOI)测试、X射线能谱(EDS)分析等对复合材料进行分析和研究。LOI测试结果显示,随着磷含量的增加,LOI逐渐上升;当纳米SiO2质量分数大于1.8%时,LOI降低。TG分析结果表明,磷元素的加入促进质量保持率的提高,硅元素的加入提高炭层性能和提高质量保持率。SEM显示,燃烧后的复合材料形成多孔且致密的炭层,抑制热量的传输和扩散。EDS元素分析显示,燃烧后磷、硅元素均匀分布在炭层中,增强炭层性能,从而提高材料的阻燃性能。

The prepared retardant polyester was prepared by using reactive phosphorous monomer though the direct esterification method, and SiO2 was added into the esterification products to prepare flame retardant polyester / SiO2 nanocompo- sites. The composites were investigated by TG, SEM, EDS and limiting oxygen index（LOI） measurement. The results show that the LOI increases with the increase of phosphorus content ; LOI reduces when the mass fraction of SiO2 is greater than 1.8%. The TG result indicates that the phosphorylation of polyester ignificantly enhances quality retention, and that the silicon of the composite improve the-carbon layer performance and increases the quality retention. The SEM result shows that the composites form lacunaris and compact charred layers after combustion, which inhibit the transmission of heat. EDS element alanalysis confirms that phosphorous and silicon elements evenly distribute in the charred layers, which enhances carbon layer performance and improves flame retardant properties of the composite during combustion.