城市中心区交通拥堵定价模型及其仿真算法

A Congestion Pricing Model for Urban Central Area and Its Simulation Algorithm

为改善城市中心区的交通拥堵,以国内城市中心区区域路网为研究对象,以路网车辆整体延误时间最短为优化目标,拥堵收费价格为决策变量,路网饱和度和信号配时为约束条件,建立了拥堵定价优化模型,并给出了基于VISSIM软件的仿真求解方法和步骤。实例仿真结果表明:在城市中心区区域路网采用该定价模型可以找到最优定价及合理的信号配时方案;计算机仿真方法可大幅度降低模型求解难度,并可直观地为交通管理部门制订拥堵定价方案提供理论依据。

For the purpose of relieving congestion situation in urban central area, a congestion pricing model for urban central area is set up, in which the domestic regional road network is taken as the research object, the minimum delay time of all vehicles in the selected road network as the optimization objective, congestion charging price as the decision-making variable, and saturation of the road network and signal timing as the constraint conditions. Then, the simulation algorithm and solving steps based on VISSIM are given. The result of simulation case study illustrates that （ 1 ） the optimal pricing and reasonable signal timing scheme can be obtained by the presented model for urban central area; （2） the computer simulation method can greatly reduce the solving difficulty and visually provide a rationale for the traffic management department to make congestion pricing schemes.