居住周边环境对居民身体活动水平影响

Impact of residential neighborhood environment on residents' physical activity

目的 了解居住周边环境对上海市闵行区居民身体活动水平的影响，为加强居民身体活动提供参考依据。方法 采用一般情况调查表、简约版步行环境量表（ANEWS）和国际身体活动量表（IPAQ）对在上海市闵行区分层整群随机抽取的1 099名15~69岁居民进行调查，应用SPSS 15.0统计软件进行χ2检验、t检验和logistic回归分析。结果 上海市闵行区有83.9%的居民身体活动活跃，有47.8%的居民身体活动高度活跃；居民职业性、交通行程、家务和闲暇时间身体活动活跃者分别占4.2%、10.6%、36.2%和12.3%，交通行程和闲暇时间步行活动活跃者分别占48.4%和30.6%；在调整了性别、年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、职业、住所建筑类型、自评健康状况等基本人口学特征后，多因素logistic回归分析结果表明，低住宅密度（OR=0.996，95%CI=0.994~0.997）和优美的周边环境（OR=1.941，95%CI=1.436~2.625）更利于居民进行身体活动，低住宅密度（OR=0.997，95%CI=0.995~0.998）、较好的生活设施可及程度（OR=1.698，95%CI=1.173~2.459）、优美的周边环境（OR=1.301，95%CI=1.034~1.637）和较好的交通治安情况（OR=1.801，95%CI=1.298~2.499）更有利于居民进行交通行程步行活动，较好的生活设施可及程度（OR=1.788，95%CI=1.205~2.652）和较好的交通治安情况（OR=1.515，95%CI=1.069~2.148）更有利于居民进行闲暇时间步行活动。结论 居住周边环境对居民身体活动水平（尤其是步行）具有一定影响，降低住宅密度、优化周边环境、改善生活设施可及程度和交通治安状况可提高居民的身体活动水平。

Objective To explore the impact of residential neighborhood environmental factors on physical activity of residents in Minhang district,Shanghai city.Methods Multi-stage stratified cluster sampling was employed to collect information in 1 099 residents aged 15 to 69 years,using a questionnaire combining Abbreviated Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale（ANEWS）and International Physical Activity Questionnaire（IPAQ）.Descriptive statistics, t test, χ2 test and logistic regression model were used in data analyses.Results Among the residents 83.9%were active in physical activity.After adjusting for demographics,physical activity was associated with residential density（odds ratio [OR]=0.996,95% confidence interval 95%CI=0.994-0.997）and neighborhood surroundings（OR=1.98,95%CI=1.48-2.66）.Low residential density（OR=0.996,95%CI=0.994-0.997）,easy access to services（OR=1.70,95%CI=1.17-2.46）,beautiful neighborhood surroundings（OR=1.30,95%CI=1.03-1.64）and safety from traffic and crime（OR=1.30,95%CI=1.03-1.64）were associated with walking for active transportation.Easy access to services（OR=1.79,95%CI=1.21-2.65）and safety from traffic and crime（OR=1.52,95%CI=1.07-2.15）were associated with walking for active leisure.Conclusion The residential neighborhood environment influences the physical activity of the residents,especially walking behavior.Physical activity could be promoted through improving residential density,aesthetics,access to services,and safety from traffic and crime.