非物质文化遗产保护中的政府职责研究——基于杨柳青年画保护的调查

The Study on Governmental Duties in the Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritages:Based on the Investigation of Yangliuqing New Year Picture Protection

政府是非物质文化遗产保护中的主导者,应该承担提供资金保障、制定政策法规、组织管理保护主体和传承主体、建立良好的管理体制机制以及监管保护效果的职责。而在非物质文化遗产保护实践中政府多存在管办不分、管理的越位缺位等职责混乱现象,导致非物质文化遗产保护中出现建设性破坏、保护性破坏、保护主体缺失以及保护环境不利等问题。结合先进国家的经验指出,树立正确的非遗保护理念是政府正确履行职责的前提;明确职责定位是正确履行职责的保障;合理履行职责可以避免管办不分、管理缺位越位的问题;加强监督考核机制,可以保障政府职责履行效能。

In the protection of intangible cultural heritages, the government should bear the responsibilities to provide funding, to lay down the policy and regulations, to organize and manage the main entities of transmission and protection, and to supervise the effect of protection. However, the lower-level government hasn＇t made a distinction between management and conduction, and the absence of management and inappropriate management appear in the process of intangible cultural heritages protection. These lead to constructive destruction and protective destruction, to the absence of the entity of protection, and to the worse effect of environmental protection. According to the experience of developed countries and regions, establishing the correct idea of protection is the premise to perform governmental duties properly, defining the duties and performing them effectively can prevent the absence of management and the inappropriate management to happen, and strengthening supervision and examination can improve the efficiency of governmental responsibility.