苏联时期反恐机制研究

Mechanism of maintaining stability and anti-terror in the Soviet Era

苏联时期,反恐属克格勃的职责范围,主要由五局承担,一、二总局及三局亦担负各自领域的反恐任务,其余各单位有协同职责。克格勃情报、行动、决策"三位一体"机制比较完善,其特点是垂直领导,高度协调,有机统一。其中情报搜集和行动力量的统一是重中之重,统一基础上的协调是灵魂,这一机制使克格勃反恐成效显著,恐怖事件在苏联罕有发生。但对克格勃的过度依赖使苏联搁置了反恐根源性问题的解决,克格勃过度的思想钳制制度也为苏联末期各种极端主义思潮与运动的井喷埋下了隐患,过于强大的克格勃最终成为众矢之的,是苏联解体的一个因素。

During the Soviet era,national counter-terrorism mainly was in charge of five bureau of the KGB.The KGB's mechanism of 'trinity',namely intelligence gathering,operation and decision-making,performanced pretty good.Of them,collecting intelligence and unifying operation force were a priority of priorities.And coordination based on unity has been the soul.This mechanism made the KGB very effective when it fights against terrorism.But of excessive dependence on the KGB the Soviet Union shelved problems of source of terrorism and excessive thought control,which was imposed by the KGB,brought hidden troubles for all sorts of extremist ideas and movement at the end of the Soviet Union.Eventually,too powerful KGB become a target of public criticism and was a factor for collapse of the Soviet Union.