高通量组织特异表达谱分析技术

Technologies of high-throughput tissue-specific gene expression profiling

测量基因表达谱是研究动物如何发育和应对刺激的重要途径。基因表达谱实验检测的RNA通常来自多种细胞的混合体。这样的数据具有较低的分辨率,不能区分动物体内不同细胞类型的转录组,而且会偏袒RNA含量占优势的组织以及上调的基因。这个问题可以通过获得特异组织的RNA进行表达谱分析来实现。这十几年来已有多种方法被开发出来获取特异的细胞类型或它们的RNA,并与高通量RNA分析技术结合起来生成各种特异组织或细胞的转录组。本综述将介绍这些方法的基本原理和在大尺度表达谱分析中的应用,并讨论它们各自的优点和局限性。

Gene expression profiling is an important strategy to study animal development and response to stimuli. RNAs measured in gene expression profiling experiments are frequently purified from mixture of multiple cell types. The resultant data have low resolution, incapable of distinguishing transcriptome of different cell types and likely biased to up-regulated genes in dominant tissues. These problems can be solved by obtaining tissue-specific gene expression profile. For a dozen years, there have been several strategies developed to isolate specific tissues or purify RNAs from tissue of interest, and combined with high-throughput RNA assays to generate transcriptome of various specific tissues or cell types. This review will introduce basic principles of these methods and their application in large-scale transcriptome analysis, and discuss On their advantages and limitation.