要挟型上访发生机制研究

The Mechanism of the Coercive Petition

本文主要关注中国农民新近出现的新上访形态:要挟型上访。通过调查发现,要挟型上访具有不当性、主动性、基层性、工具性及扩散性的特性;要挟型上访的主要诉求对象为基层政府职能部门。本文利用政治机会结构理论分析要挟型上访的发生机制,认为压力型信访制度下利益分化所导致的政治机会结构是要挟型上访出现并取得成功最为关键的外部资源。另外,上访者要挟群体心理的出现以及采取的策略也为其开启了政治机会。而初期要挟型上访者的成功所带来的扩散效应又为新上访者提供了新的政治机会结构,由此要挟型上访进入了斗争周期。针对要挟型上访不当利益的不同,基层政府对其治理方式也应随之变化。

This paper has reasearched some characteristics of coercive petition that has appeared recently by Chinese peasants： unjustified enrichment, initiatives, instrumental, and diffusion; the major request object of coercive petition is local governmental departments. This paper analyzes the mechanism of coercive petition with the theory of structure of po litieal opportunities. It holds that the coercive petition have entered struggle cycle under the pressure petition system, the inconsistent interests between the central government and local governments, coercive group emergence, and the tactics of coercive petitioner.