儿童期归属感发展的特点及适宜性教育

The Feature and Suitable Education of Children's Sense of Belonging

归属感关注儿童个体在某种程度上参与到群体或环境中,并认知到自己在其中扮演了一种特殊的角色而产生的情感体验或经历。儿童期的归属感主要成分是儿童生活在其中并与儿童的发展有着密切联系的环境和群体。儿童期归属感的获得具有由熟悉到陌生、由近及远的特点,教师及成人应帮助儿童建立积极的自我概念,鼓励儿童在交往中培养相互接纳的意识,而且,应吸引和鼓励儿童参加集体活动,萌发集体意识,培养儿童爱家乡、爱祖国的情感,进而创造出适宜儿童发展的环境。

The sense of belonging concerning individual children what they participate in the group or environment in some ways. It also concerns that children recognize the emotional experience and experience while they act a special part through the play. What is the basis of children＇s sense of belonging ？ That is enviornment and group where children living in and having a intimate relationship with, The feature of the process that children acquire the sense of belonging is from the close to the distant and from the familiar to the strange. Therefore,how can teachers do may help children to acquire the sense of belonging？ First of all, educators and adults should assist children in developing a positive self-concept. Second, teachers and adults encourage children to develop a sense of mutual acceptance in the contact with the partner. In the end, they should attract or encourage children to participate in collective activity, induce children to have the collective consciousness and the sentiment of loving hometown and motherland. Thus, the behavior of educators and adults create a suitable enviroment for children development.