龙湾自然保护区森林土壤动物群落多样性及功能类群

The guilds and diversity of soil fauna community in forest ecosystem of Longwan Nature Reserve

采用样方法对龙湾自然保护区的土壤动物多样性和功能类群进行了研究.获大型土壤动物41类,优势类群有蚁科和线蚓科,占大型土壤动物个体数的62.50%;获中小型土壤动物44类,优势类群为节跳虫科、甲螨亚目、辐螨亚目,占中小型土壤动物个体数的74.87%.不同生境土壤动物多样性空间分布存在差异,无论是大型土壤动物还是中小型土壤动物,多样性均为杂木林最高;不同生境土壤动物多样性的季节变化也存在着显著性差异.研究区内有植食性、捕食性、腐食性和杂食性土壤动物4类,且以腐食性土壤动物为主体.

Longwan Nature Reserve is located in the middle of the Longgang Mountains,which is a part of the Changbai Mountain. This paper conducted a experiment in 4 forest type in Longwan Nature Reserve to explore the diversity of soil faunal and functional groups. In May,July,September 2011, The soil fauna was studied in four representative forest of Longwan Nature Reserve （Abies and broad- leaved mixed forest, pine and broad-leaved mixed forest, shaw, Mongolian oak forest）. Collected macro-fauna by hand, and meso-fauna by Tullgren. In total, collected 41 groups of macro-fauna in Longwan Nature Reserve, Enchytraeidae and Formicoidea are dominant group and theirs individual number takes up 62. 50~; also collected 44 groups of meso-microfauna, the dominant group are Isotomidae,Oribatida and prostigmata and theirs individual number takes up 74. 87%. There is a significant difference in diversity among different habitats. Diversity of soil macrofauna and meso- microfauna were the highest in mixed forest. Soil fauna diversity of every habitat changed significantly in different month. The results of the survey indicate that the soil fauna have four guilds in the study area,they are phytophage soil faunna, predacity soil faunna, saprozoite soil {aunna, omnivorous soil fauna,of which the saprozoite soil fauna was predominant guild compared with other three guilds in number of individuals. These functional groups of soil fauna have the role to promote circulation and nutrient flow on ecosystems.