西周都邑的卫戍分区:立足于铭文“還”的试探

The Garrison Partition of Cities in Western Zhou Dynasty: an Interpretation Based on“還”in Bronze Ware Inscriptions

西周铭文中的"還"字被释作"苑"、"咸"、"县"。通过辨析,以上注解均有不确。按《方言》,"還"释为"积",通"环",极可能是西周"师"具体驻屯在各地的卫戍分区,是以承担军事任务为主要职能的特殊地域组织,具有"耕战结合、军农一体"的典型特征,是国家军队实施分级管理和军事布控的重要方式。对西周铭文"還"的考释和重新解读,否定了"還"是"县"的观点,认为中国行政区划基层管理制度(县)的起源时间需谨慎对待。

Abstract： ＂還＂ in bronze ware inscriptions of Western Zhou Dynasty was explained as ＂Garden＂,＂Xian＂ and ＂Cunty＂. These comments are incorrectness through the analysis. According to the Book of ＂Dialect＂, ＂還＂ was explained as ＂Ji＂, like ＂Ring＂, was very likely the specific partition in various parts of the garrison area, was a special regional organizations to take military tasks as the main func- tion, was an integration of agriculture and military affairs, was an important way of the National Army classification management and military control. The article denied that ＂還＂ was ＂County＂ through the analysis and reinterpretation and thought that the origin time of the basic management system of Chinese administrative districts （County） should be treated cautiously.