洛克自然权利理论的法治诠释

Rule of Law Interpretation on Natural Rights of John Locke

自然权利理论作为洛克政治法律思想的逻辑推演起点在洛克的政治大厦中占据重要位置。通过厘清"自然状态—自然权利—法律权利—法治"这样一条脉络,可以清晰而逻辑地回答洛克自然权利理论对于当代中国法治实践的理论关怀。同时,洛克的财产权理论是洛克自然权利的第一要素。从自然状态到自然权利表征了人类社会权利理念的勃兴,而从自然权利尤其是财产权到法律权利的进化则为法治秩序弥散机制的生成提供了理论基础。通过现代法治理论诠释洛克的自然权利概念并厘清洛克的自然权利言说,能够为国家法治治理开辟一条更坚实的道路。

As Locke＇ s political and legal thinking logical deduction beginning, natural rights theory occupies an important role in his political buildings. By clarifying the clue of ＂the state of nature-natural rights-legal rights-the mle of law＂, we could clearly and logically answer the theoretical care from Locke＇ s natural rights theory in contem- porary Chinese mle of law practice. Meanwhile, Locke＇ s theory of property rights is the first element of Locke＇ s nat- ural rights. The idea transformation from natural state to natural right represents the flourishing of right sense. The evolution from natural rights especially the property rights to legal rights provides a theoretical basis of the dispersion mechanism of role of law order. Interpreting the idea of Locke＇ s of natural rights theory by modem theory of rule of law and clarifying his natural rights speaking can help open up a more solid path for the state mle of law govemance.