台湾少年观护制度性质之辨

Analysis and Reference of Taiwan Juvenile Probation System

台湾少年法制承袭于大陆法系,经过"以教代刑"、"教刑并重"、"以教代刑"司法理念的转变后,台湾地区建立了保护处分与刑事处分双轨并行、保护处分优先的少年司法处遇模式,而以个别化、社会化理念为基础建立起来的少年观护制度亦是台湾少年事件法处理中极具特色的非监禁性少年犯处遇方法。然关于少年观护制度性质的确定,却是百家争鸣,无一准确定义。少年观护制度(保护管束),既是保安处分中保护管束的分支,又是保护处分制度的一大类别,具有超越刑罚、超越保安处分、超越保护处分的性质。

Taiwan Juvenile Justice system, which inherited from the civil law system, has experienced unique development process, but also achieved striking results. After the shift from ＂teach instead of punishment＂, ＂teach and punishment as well＂ to ＂teach instead of punishment＂, Taiwan Region has established protection disposition and criminal sanctions double-track paralleled Juvenile Justice treatment mode, with the priority of protection disposi- tion. Besides, the juvenile probation system, which based on the concept of individualization and socialization, also is a very unique place in case of non-custodial juvenile way in the treatment of juvenile crime in Taiwan. However, there is no precise definition of Juvenile Probation System, which is not only a branch of protective bundles from security measure, but also a protective treatment for a large class of systems.