无道之德:黑色电影的艺术伦理

Virtue Out of Morality: The Artistic Ethics in Film Noir

艺术与伦理的关系是历代美学聚讼已久的话题,这在黑色电影中显得尤为突出。问题的关键在于,不能在理论层面上进行永无休止、坐而论道的争论,而得落实到具体作品中展开分析。如果说缺乏起码的游戏元素会损害作品的接受性,那么拥有必要的伦理性则是优秀作品的共同品质。黑色电影之所以"黑",在于其主角行为处事往往显得离经叛"道",但这类电影之所以也能产生一些脍炙人口的艺术杰作,则在于其有一种特殊的"德"性,满足了审美实践对于艺术伦理的基本诉求。

The relationship between art and ethics is a long-lasting targeted issue in the successive aesthetic research, which seems to stand out especially in film noir. Referring to the key, it cannot be argued endlessly in theory, but is supposed to embrace specific text. If lack of basic game elements may reduce the acceptance of works, great ones all share the same quality of requisite ethicality. The protagonists in film noir always fail to respect moral principles, but there are also some well- known great works coming out. The reason lies in a special virtue which fulfills the fundamental requirement from aesthetic practice to artistic ethics.