中国地震地质灾害的主要类型与分布特征

Types and distribution characteristics of earthquake induced geological disasters in China

基于地震地质灾害的成因,并适度面向工程建设需求,综合已有分类方案优缺点并参考诸多学者研究成果,对地震地质灾害做了重新划分,在此基础上分析了中国地震地质灾害的分布特征。研究发现,我国地震地质灾害分布的差异性明显:(1)灾害类型多样,主要为地震作用下的斜坡失稳、地表破裂、泥石流、砂土液化和地面变形灾害,其次为地震塌陷和堰塞湖与溃决灾害,而地震涌浪、海啸、诱发水库地震等则属于极少见的灾害;(2)整体上,我国的地震地质灾害在强度分布、类型分布和危险性程度方面差异性明显,我国的西部特别是西南部是地震地质灾害最为严重的地区,其次是华北部分地区。

A new classification scheme for earthquake induced geological disasters is proposed, based mainly on the cause of formation and the demand of engineering by comprehensive analyses of the existing classification schemes and lots of related research. A study is carried out subsequently based on the new classification scheme. It is found that （1） The types of earthquake induced geological disasters in China are very rich, and among them, the main types are slope instability, surface rupture, sand liquefaction, debris flow and ground deformation, and the secondary are seismic collapses, quake lakes and flood, while seismic surge wave, tsunami and induced reservoir earthquake are rare types;（2） In all, there exists great difference in distribution characteristics in types, intensity and risk of earthquake induced geological disasters in China, and the risk is most serious in western China, especially in south-west China, as well as in some regions of northern China.