明清时期工商会馆“庙、馆、市”合一新探——以山陕会馆为例

An Exploratory Investigation of the Industrial and Merchant Guild Hall as a Combination of the “Temple”,“Hotel”and “Market”in the Ming and the Qing Dynasty——An Exemplification of the Guild Halls in Shaanxi and Shanxi

明清时期是中国市场经济的萌芽期,以这一时期各地的山陕会馆为例,探讨其工商会馆"庙——馆——市"的合一特征,充分反映了从16世纪以来中国存在市场经济萌芽,工商会馆已不是纯粹封建行会组织,而是"庙、馆、市"合一的商人自治团体和市场组织,是中国商人面对新的历史条件所进行的制度创新,充分显现着行会的旧质在逐渐蜕变,市场新质在不断聚积,它从一个侧面折射了明清时期中国社会转型初期的历史特点。

The Ming and the Qing Dynasty were the forming stage of market economy in China. This paper at- tempts to explore the combination of ＂temple＂, ＂hotel＂ and ＂market＂ characteristic of industrial and merchant guild halls Shaanxi and Shanxi throughout the country in the day. The investigation shows adequately that, in the infantry of market economy in China, industrial and merchant guild halls were no longer pure feudal guild organiza- tions but self-governing groups and market organizations of merchants characterized by a combination of ＂temple＂, ＂hotel＂ and ＂market＂. They were Chinese merchants＇ institutional innovations under the new historical circum- stances, indicating that the old guild quality was disintegrating and the new market quality was gathering. This mir- rored in a way the historical distinctions of Chinese society at the early stage of transformation.