唐人墓志所见唐代南方社会动乱及其治理

Social Turmoil and Governance in the South in the Tang Dynasty Revealed in the Epigraphs of the Day

大量出土唐人墓志资料表明,唐近三百年南方地区社会动荡此起彼伏,不绝如缕。有唐一代,江南地区远离京、洛政治中心,赋税苛重,贪官豪强横行,社会矛盾一直比较突出,一些地方几次掀起规模较大的"起义"风波。中唐以后,南方地区兵变频繁发生,是社会动荡的重要标志,出土唐人墓志从不同角度披露了南方地区阶级矛盾与社会动乱信息。墓志还反映了唐人对南方社会治理思想与实践的一些个案资料,可以看出唐中央派遣官员在西南地区与东南地区的地方治理有较鲜明的差异,巴南、黔中、泸戎地区的地方治理主要以怀柔、宽缓政策为主,以化解汉夷矛盾和冲突;在东南地区则在推行儒家礼治教化的同时,常采取乱世用重典、严厉打击奸吏豪强和地方叛乱的策略。

A large number of unearthed epigraphs of the Tang Dynasty revealed that during the nearly three centuries of the dynasty there were waves after waves of social turmoil in southern areas. In the Tang Dynasty there were harsh and hard taxes, illegally-acting corrupted officials and local despots, and fierce social contradictions in southern areas, which were far away from Chang＇ an and Luoyang the political centers of the dynasty. As a result, several considerably large-scale ＂revolts＂ broke on some areas. Since the middle Tang Dynasty, frequent munities in southern areas indicated remarkably social turmoil. The unearthed epigraphs revealed information of class contra- dictions and social turmoil in southern areas from different perspectives. The epigraphs also offered some cases a- bout the contemporaries＇ ideas and practices to govern southern society. As the cases show, officials sent by the central court took different means of governance in southwestern and southeastern areas. They carried conciliatory and lenient poloieies in southern Chongqing, central Guizhou and Louzhou so as to soften the contradiction and con- flict between the Han and ethnical people. In southeastern areas, however, as carrying out education of Confucian moral and etiquette, they often turned to harsh penalty, ruthlessly attacking mean officials, local despots, and rioters.