护士职业压力与职业倦怠的相关性研究

A study of the Relationship between Occupational Stress and Job Burnout of Nurses

目的:了解护士职业压力、职业倦怠现状;探讨两者之间的关系。方法:方便抽样,抽取哈尔滨市5所三级医院的468名护士进行问卷调查。采用护士一般情况调查表、护士工作压力源量表、职业倦怠量表进行调查。结果:护士职业倦怠程度为中等,去人格化属于中度倦怠,情感衰竭、低成就感程度达到了高度倦怠;职业压力得分为87.56±20.43,以工作量及时间分配维度压力最高,病人护理维度压力最低。情感耗竭与除工作环境及资源之外的职业压力维度呈显著正相关;去人格化与职业压力各维度均呈显著正相关;低成就感与职业压力中护理专业及工作、病人护理呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。护士职业压力各维度对其职业倦怠的3个维度均有较好的预测作用,尤其对护士情感耗竭的解释程度达25.5%。结论:护士职业倦怠现象不容忽视,护理管理者有针对性的对护士进行管理,鼓励护士加强自身修养、学会自我疏导,适当授权等是降低护士职业倦怠的正性激励措施。

Objective： To investigate the present situation of occupational stress and job burnout of nurses in Harbin and to analyze the correlation between occupational stress and job burnout of nurses. Methods： 468 subjects in 5 hospitals of Harbin were obtained by using convenience sampling method.Research instruments used in this study has three parts,including demographic questionnaire, Nurses Job Stressors Scale and Maslach＇s Burnout Inventory. Results： The degree of the job burnout among nurses was a middle level. Deperson- alization was moderate burnout, emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment were severity burnout. The score of nurses＇occupati- onal stress was 87.56± 20.43,the subscale of workload and time management was the highest,while the subscale of caring for and interaction with patients was the lowest in the five subscales of occupational stress. Emotional exhaustion of nurses was positively correlated with subscales of occupational stress of nurses other than problems with resource and working environment; depersonalization of nurses was positively correlated with all subscales of occupational stress; personal accomplishment of nurses were negatively correlated with professional and career issues,caring for and interaction with patients （P〈0.05）. The subscales of occupational stress had significantly effect on the three dimensions of job burnout.In particular, the degree which they explained emotional exhaustion was 25.5%. Conclusion： The present situation of job burnout is severe in nurses.Giving target-oriented management to nurses, encouraging nurses to strengthen their own self-cultivation and learn to self-ease,entitling nurses some authority are important methods to prevent job burnout.