豆科绿肥养分累积规律及其对后茬小麦生长和产量的影响

Nutrients accumulation of leguminous green manures and the effects on growth and yield of winter wheat

【目的】研究不同豆科绿肥品种养分累积规律及其盛花期翻压后对小麦生长和产量的影响,为筛选出最佳的绿肥品种提供重要的理论依据。【方法】采用田间试验,设置了夏季裸地休闲(对照)以及种植大豆、长武怀豆、绿豆4个处理,分析了3种豆科绿肥干物质和养分累积动态,比较了其盛花期的养分还田量,并对3种豆科绿肥翻压后后茬小麦养分吸收量和籽粒产量的变化进行了分析。【结果】1)长武怀豆和大豆干物质和养分累积相对较快,翻压前两者干物质和养分累积量明显高于绿豆。2)与对照相比,种植并翻压长武怀豆和大豆能显著提高小麦地上部N、P、K吸收量和籽粒产量。3)种植并翻压绿豆的后茬小麦基本苗和返青期总茎数明显降低,因而最终导致绿豆处理的小麦籽粒产量较低。【结论】在渭北旱塬地区,长武怀豆和大豆是短期豆科绿肥的适宜品种。

[Objective] Nutrients accumulation dynamics of different leguminous green manures and their effects on the growth and yield of winter wheat were studied to determine the best green manure type. [Method] A field experiment with four treatments.summer fallow （control）, planting soybean,mung bean and Changwuhuai bean was conducted. Dry matter and nutrients accumulation dynamics of three legu- minous green manures and their effects on wheat yield and nutrients uptake were analyzed. [Result] Chan- gwuhuai bean and soybean had significantly greater dry matter and nutrient accumulation than mung bean.Changwuhuai bean and soybean green manures could significantly improve wheat yield and N,P, and K up- takes compared to control. Application of mung bean decreased wheat seedling number, stem number in spring,and wheat yield. [Conclusion] Changwuhuai bean and soybean were better leguminous green ma- nures for short-term application in summer.